Author: Catherine Love-Smith

Originally written for Exeunt.

Water, for all its teasing, fluid insubstantiality, can have a tight grasp. Get caught by the wrong current and the water might never let you go. And memory, as Narvik tries to demonstrate, works in much the same way. If you’re not careful, it’ll pull you under.

Lizzie Nunnery’s song-studded play revolves around one of the lesser known chapters of the Second World War: the role of the British Navy in the waters around German-occupied Norway. The focus is Jim (Joe Shipman), a Liverpudlian radio operator who starts out working on fishing boats and ends up on warships. Over the time-hopping course of this 80-minute show, we are shown his pivotal relationships with mysterious Oslo schoolteacher Else (Nina Yndis) and troubled fellow radio operator Kenny (Lucas Smith), as well as brief glimpses of the paternal influence that was abruptly cut off when his father abandoned him as a child.

The shifting tides of time are cleverly accommodated by Katie Scott’s compact design of interlocking pipes, around which actors and a three-strong band duck and weave. Water – Jim’s home and Else’s phobia – is a constant suggested presence, invisibly rushing around them. The fraught shifts that Jim and Kenny spend listening out for signals, meanwhile, are lent a claustrophobic intensity by the metallic structure that hems them in, enhanced by Richard Owen’s moodily atmospheric lighting design.

It’s just a shame that such intensity is lacking elsewhere in Hannah Tyrrell-Pinder’s production. Much of the play hinges on Jim’s romance with Else, a fleeting pre-war encounter that somewhat implausibly stokes a long-burning passion. After meeting at a dance in Oslo, where Jim is stopping over on a job, the pair embark on a fling that becomes a long-distance epistolary relationship. It’s Else, waiting for him somewhere across the icy waters, who keeps Jim going through the horrors of war.

But there’s not a sufficient spark between the two to sustain the illusion of this long-held flame. We don’t see enough of the characters together to truly care about their relationship, while there’s more awkwardness than chemistry between Shipman and Yndis. And it doesn’t help that the early letter-writing sequences, which strive so hard to be heartfelt, are staged by Tyrrell-Pinder with a kind of stiff unease.

Jim’s tumultuous friendship with Kenny is more convincing. Theirs is a relationship forged in the fear and forced intimacy of conflict, forever simmering with tension and occasionally boiling over. In some of the play’s strongest sequences, they wonder what it is they’re fighting for after all, and talk about the impossibility of those at home ever understanding the cold and the dread and the death.

The framing device that holds it all together is what appears to be Jim’s own impending death, several decades later in the undignified surroundings of his basement. As he lies prone on the floor after a fall, the subterranean space slowly filling with water from the leaking pipe he was attempting to fix (another reference subtly absorbed by Scott’s design), wartime memories flood back to him.

The result is neither clear enough to simply convey the story nor enigmatic enough to suggest the unexpected swirls and eddies of memory that the piece seems more interested in. The ‘man’s life flashing before him’ conceit is hardly novel and it’s weighed down by some laboured old-man-acting from Shipman, who’s better as the youthful dreamer. A more effective evocation of the past and its pull on us is the incorporation of music. Songs, as Nunnery and composers Vidar Norheim and Martin Heslop recognise, so often have the power to transport us back to long-forgotten moments. Yet even this soundtrack of haunting, folk-style tunes never feels quite as integral as it should, often chivvying the scenes along rather than working hand in hand with them.

Perhaps unfairly, I left wanting more of what was concealed and less of what was shown. Else, who during the Nazi occupation makes a terrible compromise, strikes me as by far the most interesting character of the central trio. Yet we’re never allowed to glimpse her motivations or confront the bleak circumstances that make impossible choices possible. Though there’s something to be said for leaving things unexplained and unresolved, much of Narvik’s broad scope remains frustratingly obscured, while the snippets that do appear on stage too often fall short of the show’s compelling promise. Memory might be arbitrary, its currents taking us in unexpected directions, but here it fails to really grip.

Photo: Alex Mead, Decoy Media.

Originally written for Exeunt.

I’ve been struggling with hope recently. So, it would seem, have Powder Keg. Even with my stubborn optimistic streak, 2016 was a tough year in which to remain hopeful about the state of the world – and 2017 might well prove even tougher. This is essentially the starting point for Morale is High (Since we gave up Hope). The title’s a bit misleading – hope hasn’t entirely flown, or at least it didn’t seem that way to me – but it’s certainly a show that’s worrying away at recent global events and how the hell we as (small, flawed, ineffectual) human beings respond to them.

That anxiety is expressed through a fraught back-and-forth between two mates, Ross McCaffrey and Jake Walton. In spite of the subject matter, the pair make an affable double act: Jake’s chirpiness counterpoints Ross’s anger, while Ross challenges Jake’s shrugging attitude to current politics. The catalyst for their fragmented discussion is an unlikely bit of time travel. Ross has made a trip to 2020 and back – he even has the shiny, sequinned Primark jacket of the future to prove it. So what does the world look like at the (probable) time of the next general election?

Morale is High is less about glimpsing possible futures, though, than it is about questioning where we are now. The different snatches of stories that Ross brings us from the future are just as confusing as the present and prompt the same sort of knotty, unanswerable questions. Loose ends gather, flapping, at Ross and Jake’s feet. At odd intervals, meanwhile, the guitars at the back of the stage are snatched up for bursts of song, abruptly cutting off the intertwined narratives. This is theatre in an argument with itself; a scrappy dialogue between anger and apathy and guilt and despair. It’s messy, sure. But it also feels a lot like the inside of my head at the moment. This is an uncertain piece of theatre in uncertain times.

There’s a sense, too, that events in the last few months have overtaken outlandish predictions, leaving Powder Keg grappling – in more ways than one – with current affairs. The show can’t help but buckle a little under the pressure of recent events. I’m reminded of a line from Ali Smith’s recent book Autumn, about people in the wake of the EU referendum checking their phones “to catch up on the usual huge changes there’ve been in the last half hour”. It captures brilliantly the runaway feeling of the news over the last year – a feeling that Morale is High also recreates, even if it’s through the sense that Powder Keg themselves are racing to keep up with everything unfolding around them.

Amidst all the complex, tangled argument, there are odd clunky moments – a joke about the Second Coming, a visual gag with a water bottle – that seem like hangovers from the rehearsal room. On the whole, though, Morale is High is a piece of sophisticated if appropriately provisional thinking. It is suspicious of easy answers and of the action that it seems at times to be advocating. At a time when the UK is visibly divided, Powder Keg are starkly realistic about the things that hold us apart. Even the intoxicating sense of community generated by a protest march has to be manufactured. “You can’t just get rid of the things you don’t like,” Ross sneers at Jake, reminding him of the violence and the tear gas. His words nod, too, to the parts of our own nations and communities that we might prefer to disown or ignore: the racism and intolerance that, following the referendum, can no longer be swept under the carpet.

But Morale is High is no simple expression of nihilism (though the seductive temptation of nihilism is certainly in the mix). In Hope in the Dark – a life raft for many, including me, after Donald Trump’s election – Rebecca Solnit offers a nuanced definition of what she means when she talks about hope:

“It’s important to say what hope is not: it is not the belief that everything was, is, or will be fine. The evidence is all around us of tremendous suffering and tremendous destruction. The hope I’m interested in is about broad perspectives with specific possibilities, ones that invite or demand that we act. It’s also not a sunny everything-is-getting-better narrative, though it may be a counter to the everything-is-getting-worse narrative. You could call it an account of complexities and uncertainties, with openings.”

An account of complexities and uncertainties, with openings. That sounds a lot like Morale is High. Unusually for a time-travelling narrative, Powder Keg’s show asserts that actually the future is unknowable; we are not offered the comfort of visiting and as a result changing our collective tomorrow. Not knowing, though, is itself an opportunity of sorts. The gaps for action and change might be small, but they are there. As Solnit puts it, “hope locates itself in the premises that we don’t know what will happen and that in the spaciousness of uncertainty is room to act”.

And in the end, we’re not alone. As Ross confesses, the simple expression of anger – raw, unsophisticated, screaming at the top of its lungs – is a way of feeling better. But so is seeing someone else on stage being just as angry. Neither of us is the only one struggling with hope, and that, in a strange sort of way, feels hopeful.

Originally written for Exeunt.

A few weeks ago, I visited Manchester’s Museum of Science and Industry. Like so many museums, it has a studied, uneasy ambivalence towards the past. This is a place that celebrates the technical ingenuity of the Industrial Revolution while seeking to mark its human costs. The awe and might of huge machines are placed next to black-and-white photographs of the overworked and undernourished humans who operated them.

But this isn’t a narrative that can be bracketed away in the past. As METIS’s show World Factory demonstrates, the human costs of modern consumer culture never went away, they just got pushed further and further out of sight. Or, perhaps, we chose to blind ourselves to them.

Because here’s the thing: we all kind of know about the exploitation and mistreatment and waste that World Factory exposes. We’ve seen documentaries about the textile industry in China or headlines about factories in Bangladesh. Very few of us can claim complete ignorance of how our clothes are produced. Yet, much like climate change (of which fast fashion is a not insignificant cause), it’s something that most of us live our day-to-day lives in a sort of denial about.

World Factory, then, isn’t necessarily telling audiences anything new. What it is doing, though, is placing theatregoers at the heart of a production process that they generally elect to ignore. Rather than presenting us with a drama about Chinese clothing factories, METIS transform the theatre itself into a Chinese clothing factory – or, rather, a series of factories. Split into teams and directed by the four performers in the guise of our “dealers”, we take on the role of factory managers, plotting different paths through the show based on the decisions we make. It’s all fashioned as a game, complete with a stack of Monopoly-style money.

The choices we as players are offered are starkly binarised. Sack half the workers or cut everyone’s pay? Improve conditions for workers and quickly go under, or keep wages low and stay afloat? From within the game, this can feel limiting, but as a dramaturgical strategy it’s inspired. On the one hand, it generates fraught ethical and political discussions, forcing us to speculate on the other possible (but unavailable) options and on the unspecified ramifications of our decisions. On the other hand, it’s a powerful formal illustration of the apparent lack of choices experienced under fast-paced consumer capitalism. We don’t just see the ethical conundrums faced by factory owners; we experience them.

There’s something queasy about the gamifying of experiences that are so very far from a game for so many people – but then again that’s the point. World Factory both encourages audiences to play along, sucking us in with the thrill of making a profit, and intermittently jolts us out of the fantasy and into the real world it’s mimicking. The more we’re absorbed in the game, the more wrenching it is when we’re pulled out of it. The more we play ruthless capitalists, the more bitterly we reflect on our decisions when forced to take pause.

The alternating pace of the game is crucial. As co-director Zoë Svendsen has noted, “ethical practice takes time” – time that both World Factory and consumer capitalism offer little of. The team I’m on makes relatively few choices in the hour allotted for the game (and is repeatedly hurried along with barks of “time is money”) because we keep finding ourselves torn between pursuing our own ethical principles and “playing the game”. Our shoddy compromises make us both bad capitalists and bad employers. Everyone loses – a message that World Factory drives home with force.

One of the quieter, more melancholy moments of the show implicitly mourns the loss of the craftsmanship that used to go into garments that would be worn and loved and repaired. Now, by contrast, fashion is throwaway. I found myself reminded of Richard Sennett’s book The Craftsman, which argues that “the craft of making physical things provides insights into the techniques of experience that can shape our dealings with others”. Craft, for Sennett, offers ethical possibilities, while the opposite seems to be true of the fast, cheap fashion that suppliers like our imaginary factories serve.

Informed by a complex tapestry of research and offering seemingly endless possible permutations, World Factory is itself a piece of master craftsmanship, meticulously constructed. Beyond its function as a performance, the project is a rich and vital resource, complete with an online “Digital Quilt” of references. Unlike some participatory shows, which operate mainly on a surface level and offer empty promises of audience “empowerment” or “emancipation”, you can sense the depth that lies beneath World Factory, which uses the disempowerment of its participants as a provocation to delve further into the tangled threads of global capital.

Towards the end of the show, there’s an unexpected echo of Trump, as one of the performers calls on us to invest in manufacturing closer to home and “make Britain great again”. Whether or not this has been added since the US presidential race, it certainly resonates (however horribly) with the present moment. It also points to the relevance of this piece beyond the global fashion industry that it directly interrogates. The questions raised by globalised clothing production are also questions about the economy, about politics, about the nature of work in the twenty-first century, and about the future of our planet under a system that’s designed to keep devouring resources and producing waste.

“This is where it all began,” performer Lucy Ellinson reminds us – an aside from the main performance, but a significant one. Manchester, the home of the Industrial Revolution and the heart of the textiles industry in the nineteenth century, is an apt destination for World Factory at the end of its tour. This is the city once nicknamed ‘Cottonopolis’. This is the city where Engels wrote The Condition of the Working Class in England. But these are not just static markers in our national history, to be carelessly skim-read in museum displays. Sure, the world has changed, but the inheritance of those mills and factories – and the increasingly brutal form of capitalism that they helped to drive – remain with us. The real question is: do we keep closing our eyes to it?

Photo: David Sandison.